接地电阻概念，接地装置在输变电工程中是个特殊的项目，属隐蔽工程。对新安装的接地装置，它包括埋入地中直接与大地接触的金属导体,或称接地体,以及连接接地体与电气设备接地部分的接地线。为了确保其是否符合设计或规程要求必须经过检验才能正式投入运行。接地电阻就是当有电流由接地体流入土壤中将呈现有电阻，这就是接地电阻。
The concept of grounding resistance, grounding device is a special project in power transmission and transformation engineering, which is a concealed project. For the newly installed grounding device, it includes the metal conductor, or grounding body, which is buried in the ground and directly contacts with the earth, as well as the grounding wire connecting the grounding body and the grounding part of electrical equipment. In order to ensure whether it meets the requirements of design or regulations, it must be inspected before it is put into operation. The grounding resistance is the resistance when the current flows into the soil from the grounding body, which is the grounding resistance.
接地电阻本质是由土壤产生的电阻，是接地装置泄放电流时表现出来的电阻。由高斯定理知道，在全空间中，一半径为Ｒ的导体球其接地电阻为ρ_地＝ρ/４πＲ，如在地表无限半空间中其接地电阻大一倍ρ_地＝ρ/２πＲ，埋在地下某深度中，则在两者之间，对均匀介质，也可以解析得到。还有不同形状的接地体，圆盘形、棍形，环形等都有公式可以计算。
The essence of grounding resistance is the resistance produced by soil, which is the resistance of grounding device when discharging current. It is known from Gauss theorem that in the whole space, the ground resistance of a conductor sphere with radius R is ρ_ground = ρ / 4 π R. if the ground resistance of the conductor sphere in the infinite half space on the earth's surface is twice that of ρ_ground = ρ / 2 π R, and it is buried in a certain depth of the earth's surface, then it can also be obtained for the homogeneous medium. There are also different shapes of grounding body, disc shape, rod shape, ring shape, etc. all have formulas to calculate.